Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
12 A micro-penetrometer for snow and soil structural analysis
 Chenghao Mo
Chenxian Meng
Xing Shen
Zheyan Wu
 design_document1.pdf
design_document2.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
final_paper2.pdf
other2.pdf
 Shurun Tan
# Problem
When it comes to the disaster like avalanche bulletin and forest fires, we should investigate the landform with a specific technique. Also, this technique can deal with the snow profiling, ski track characterization or snow runaway characterization in snow. Understanding the structural integrity of soil and snow is vital for environmental management, agricultural practices, and civil engineering projects. Soil structure analysis informs us about the risk of erosion, the soil's ability to support plant life, and the stability of structures built upon it. Our project aims to fill the gap in on-site, accurate analysis of these structures and specifically designed for operation at low temperatures. By developing a portable and precise micro-penetrometer, we enable immediate, data-driven decision-making that can enhance safety, productivity, and environmental stewardship.

# Solution Overview
The main challenge of our project is to design an automated electronic control system capable of continuously drilling into different terrains, such as soil and snow, and using highly sensitive sensors at each location to record the penetration force and analyze the microstructural properties. The instrument must maintain a constant velocity during penetration, which requires a precise control mechanism. In addition, we need to design a mechanical system that is portable and field deployable to ensure operation in potentially harsh environmental conditions. We also need a software system to record real-time sensor data for subsequent analysis. Achieving such a high level of performance in a small, energy-efficient package that can withstand the rigors of varying ground conditions is a complex engineering task. It requires innovative approaches and collaborative efforts in mechanical, electrical and computer engineering to overcome these technical challenges.

# Solution Components
## Control subsystem
- piezo-electric force sensor with high accuracy to measure the penetration force at each location
- the encoder of the motor ensures high accuracy in the vertical position
- implement a feedback mechanism to adjust the drilling speed based on the resistance encountered. This will ensure optimal penetration regardless of varying soil or snow densities.
## Mechanical subsystem
- the encoder of the motor ensures high accuracy in the vertical position
- small brush can remove the snow from the gear teeth to avoid jamming of the motor and the rod
- ski pols can be added to the measure unit to make the position stable
- Li-Polymer battery to ensure the power of entire day
- Aluminium profile to make the weight as light as possible so that it can be portable
## Software subsystem
- Real-time data processing: To handle sensor input and control commands efficiently.
- Data analysis algorithms: For interpreting penetration resistance and other measurements.
- User interface: To display data and controls in an easily understandable format.
- Data storage and export: For recording and sharing the collected data.
- Potential integration of machine learning: For advanced pattern recognition in soil or snow structures.

# Criterion for success
There are three main criteria for the success of our project. The first is whether the device is portable. Compared to other similar products on the market today, we think that it’s successful if our device can be carried by one person on their back or by hand. The second criterion is to be able to ensure that the drill bit moves smoothly at a uniform speed through more precise electromechanical control. The final criterion is to have an algorithm that can read the snow or soil data within a reasonable margin of error.

simplified device for fasteners counter

Zhiwei Shen, Shuyang Wang, Yijian Yang, Jinsong Yuan

Featured Project

# PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Lots of Industrial manufacturers need to realize real-time, efficient and accurate automatic counting of the assembly line products in the stages of production and transportation. On a standardized assembly line with stable operations, equal intervals and boxed objects the control system with infrared detection and microchip as the control core is effective and simple to implement. However, due to cost considerations, downstream manufacturers often prefer faster and less standardized assembly line operations during product inspection. Those unpackaged objects may have complex and changeable structures, and different kinds may have very similar structures. Moreover, the intervals and directions of these products on the assembly line are all random, which greatly increases the difficulty of monitoring, as well as achieving subsequent controlling purposes such as mechanical classification or equal-quantity loading.

After we discussed with people from a manufacturer, we realized their needs in this regard, so we decided to design an effective and low-cost device that realizes real-time monitoring and controlling towards specific industrial products with complex and random structures. From our investigations, we found that some factories use image recognition technology to achieve this goal, which turned out to be insufficient and costly because of their improper design. The manager of company complained about the stability, flexibility and fee of the traditional ways. After listening to the manager, we decide to implement our own ways to count line products, and our target is to increase the stability, flexibility and lower the cost.

By doing some research online, we confirmed that the most common monitoring system is still the infrared detection and microcontroller/PLC, which is effective for most assembly lines with products in boxes. And some newly developed approaches are based on cameras and computer vision, which we think are very potential but costly. Also, we found some other engineers still used simple infrared detection to achieve non-boxed objects monitoring. However, they met similar accuracy issues, like when two objects are too close to each other. Not to mention the objects that we are going to detect have much more complicated structures. In a word, we didn’t find any other monitoring system without using computer vision that can achieve our accuracy goal. So, our first major task is to come up with a better algorithm. We may also try pressure sensors, which is rarely used in assembly line object counting. In fact, we are going to investigate the feasibility of our idea by doing some experiments at their factory this week.

The scope of this specific problem might involve designing an embedded system with sensors and microcontroller unit to achieve the industrial control purpose, as well as programming and data analysis. Moreover, it may involve some knowledge about IoT because we also hope to use network module to transfer data and improve the automation level.

# solution overview

We plan to use infared sensor to dector the fasteners on the pipeline. We have two different kind of infared sensor in schedule. The first type could detect whether there exists objects within one meter, and the other one, which uses laser at the same time, can measure the distance between the surface of fasteners and the detector. The first one is cheaper but the second one could provide more imformation. We would choose in terms of real condition. There are also some alternative plans: we plan to use pressure sensor to count the total mass coming in and then calculate the number; acoustic rangefinder is another way to detect the distant in place of the second kind of infared sensor, and we will choose this plan if the original plan doesn't work so well.

Then, we plan to use PRI or PLC to process imformation. RPI is more powerful and enable us to write more complex code and develop some complicated functions such as classification of fasteners and nerual network which can analyze cutting pieces of fasteners, but PLC would be more stable in industry environemnt. The choice is mainly determined by real industry environment and the comments from manufacturers. We tend to use PLC to handle imformation from detectors and command the pipeline.

As for pipeline, workers put fasteners on the track. During the transportation, our device would count the number and in the end of pipeline, fasteners would be packed. After collecting enough fasteners, our machine would stop the pipeline.

# Solution Components

- Mono-chip（Raspberry Pi）

Price: around 300￥

Function: Receiving the data collected by the detector, processing it to get the number of fasteners that have passed, and transmitting the data to the remote-control center through the wireless interface.

We are going to use the neural network for modeling and use this model to count.

- Pressure-sensitive sensor

Price: 10￥-200￥

Function: Measuring the real-time weight on the sensor to assist in determining the number of products passed.

- Infrared sensor

Price: Already have

Function: Determining whether there is product passing.

- Laser rangefinder

Price: 60￥-200￥

Function: Measuring the distance between the product to the boundary of the conveyor belt.

- Acoustic rangefinder

Price: 200￥-300￥

Function: Measuring the distance between the product to the boundary of the conveyor belt.

- Remote-control Center

Price: Already have

Function: Receiving the data transmitted by the mono-chip, presenting the past products so far, and commanding every component according to that.

# CRITERION FOR SUCCESS

- High accuracy is required. The counter should have a error rate at 1%+-0.1%.

- The classifier is supposed to perform well, then the device can be migrated to a similar pipeline. The device is a kind of baler. When the input products are not of the same kind, if there is no classification function, packaging errors are likely to occur.

- The process of counting and classifying should take less time.

- The devicey should be stable enougth to be used in manifacture.

- Additional Function: Operator can control the machine and see results easily and remotely.

# sponsor

This project is well connected to industry. The company that sponsors us is 杭州六联机械科技有限公司(Hangzhou Liulian Machinery Technology Co., Ltd.) and the manager with whom we talked is 杨向峰(Xiangfeng Yang).