Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
29 Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station
 Jason Wuerffel
Pranshu Teckchandani
Samuel Fakunle
 Matthew Qi design_document1.pdf
design_document2.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
photo1.jpeg
photo2.jpeg
presentation1.pdf
proposal2.pdf
proposal1.pdf
video
# Title
**Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station**

Team Members:
- Samuel Fakunle (sof2)
- Pranshu Teckchandani (pat4)
- Jason Wuerffel (jasonmw2)

# Problem

Drone technology is becoming more vital for our modern society because it improves productivity and precision for several applications. Despite this, the operation time continues to be a key technological challenge because of the drone’s battery life limitations. As a result, our project aims to address this issue by implementing an automated drone charging system that extends the drone’s flight time without human intervention.

# Solution

Our group aims to use resonant inductive coupling to develop a wireless drone charging station that allows the drone to land and charge its battery within an acceptable distance from the transmitter. In addition, our implementation should allow for efficient charging anywhere or in multiple locations on the charging pad, indicate when sufficient charging has been completed, and should start power transfer only when the drone lands on the pad. We may also add an optional feature where the drone can track back to the pad when low on battery but it is an additional feature we will implement only if time permits.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1: DC-AC Converter to Transmission Coil

This inverter is responsible for converting DC power to AC power for the activated transmitting coil

- Circuit consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches, etc.
- Could use renewable power supply or power bank (undecided)


## Subsystem 2: Transmitting and Receiving Coil for Charging

This subsystem focuses on the coils used in order for contact to be made between the drone and charging station.

- Both coils made of metal (likely aluminum or copper)
- Transmitting coil keeps the drone an adequate distance above the ground and is constrained by the size of the drone
- Receiving coil attached to drone acts as secondary part of transformer
- Charging pad made up of several transmitting coils to allow for no need for precise landing
- Microcontroller will be used to determine the optimal transmitting coil from the transmitting coil array on the charging pad in order to achieve maximum efficiency. This would be done by calculating each coil’s input impedance, and then activating the coil that results in the highest input impedance. The microcontroller will indicate when charging is complete using an LED indicator
- If time permits, we could develop an app that shows charging progress of the drone

Microcontroller: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-DEVKITC-VIE/12091811?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_Low%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_id=go_cmp-20243063506_adg-_ad-__dev-c_ext-_prd-12091811_sig-CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE


## Subsystem 3: AC-DC Converter

This subsystem includes a full bridge rectifying circuit with a low pass filter. Converts AC power from the receiving coil to DC power for the voltage regulator

- Circuit consists of resistors, diodes, capacitors, inductors, etc.

## Subsystem 4: Voltage regulator

This subsystem will be a voltage regulator responsible for supplying regulated DC power to the drone’s battery.

## OPTIONAL(IF TIME PERMITS) - Subsystem 5: Drone Control System

This subsystem includes the sensors that allow the drone to find its way back to the charging station.

- Proximity sensors for drone to know when it is close to charging station
- Low battery indicator
- Tracking tags and camera to detect the charging station

Proximity Sensor - https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/sharp-socle-technology/GP2Y0E02B/4103879?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_High%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2OJn1KocKkbImYp4gjIzr5wiMJSYczVw6uVYCuu517q7w6XyPQFocxoCQjMQAvD_BwE

# Criterion For Success - Base Project

1. Successful Conversion: Converter circuits are able to correctly convert DC to AC and vice versa.
2. Wireless Power Transfer: Charging pad is able to charge the drone efficiently without human intervention. We will have a lower bound for acceptable efficiency.
3. Battery Indicator : The charging pad indicates when the battery is completely charged.
4. Charging only in close proximity: Start charging only when the charging pad detects that the drone is in close proximity.

If do complete the above criteria in time, we will try to accomplish the following:

- (Optional) Navigational Success: Drone is able to navigate to the charging station and dock.

Musical Hand

Ramsey Foote, Thomas MacDonald, Michelle Zhang

Musical Hand

Featured Project

# Musical Hand

Team Members:

- Ramesey Foote (rgfoote2)

- Michelle Zhang (mz32)

- Thomas MacDonald (tcm5)

# Problem

Musical instruments come in all shapes and sizes; however, transporting instruments often involves bulky and heavy cases. Not only can transporting instruments be a hassle, but the initial purchase and maintenance of an instrument can be very expensive. We would like to solve this problem by creating an instrument that is lightweight, compact, and low maintenance.

# Solution

Our project involves a wearable system on the chest and both hands. The left hand will be used to dictate the pitches of three “strings” using relative angles between the palm and fingers. For example, from a flat horizontal hand a small dip in one finger is associated with a low frequency. A greater dip corresponds to a higher frequency pitch. The right hand will modulate the generated sound by adding effects such as vibrato through lateral motion. Finally, the brains of the project will be the central unit, a wearable, chest-mounted subsystem responsible for the audio synthesis and output.

Our solution would provide an instrument that is lightweight and easy to transport. We will be utilizing accelerometers instead of flex sensors to limit wear and tear, which would solve the issue of expensive maintenance typical of more physical synthesis methods.

# Solution Components

The overall solution has three subsystems; a right hand, left hand, and a central unit.

## Subsystem 1 - Left Hand

The left hand subsystem will use four digital accelerometers total: three on the fingers and one on the back of the hand. These sensors will be used to determine the angle between the back of the hand and each of the three fingers (ring, middle, and index) being used for synthesis. Each angle will correspond to an analog signal for pitch with a low frequency corresponding to a completely straight finger and a high frequency corresponding to a completely bent finger. To filter out AC noise, bypass capacitors and possibly resistors will be used when sending the accelerometer signals to the central unit.

## Subsystem 2 - Right Hand

The right subsystem will use one accelerometer to determine the broad movement of the hand. This information will be used to determine how much of a vibrato there is in the output sound. This system will need the accelerometer, bypass capacitors (.1uF), and possibly some resistors if they are needed for the communication scheme used (SPI or I2C).

## Subsystem 3 - Central Unit

The central subsystem utilizes data from the gloves to determine and generate the correct audio. To do this, two microcontrollers from the STM32F3 series will be used. The left and right hand subunits will be connected to the central unit through cabling. One of the microcontrollers will receive information from the sensors on both gloves and use it to calculate the correct frequencies. The other microcontroller uses these frequencies to generate the actual audio. The use of two separate microcontrollers allows for the logic to take longer, accounting for slower human response time, while meeting needs for quicker audio updates. At the output, there will be a second order multiple feedback filter. This will get rid of any switching noise while also allowing us to set a gain. This will be done using an LM358 Op amp along with the necessary resistors and capacitors to generate the filter and gain. This output will then go to an audio jack that will go to a speaker. In addition, bypass capacitors, pull up resistors, pull down resistors, and the necessary programming circuits will be implemented on this board.

# Criterion For Success

The minimum viable product will consist of two wearable gloves and a central unit that will be connected together via cords. The user will be able to adjust three separate notes that will be played simultaneously using the left hand, and will be able to apply a sound effect using the right hand. The output audio should be able to be heard audibly from a speaker.

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