Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
9 Wireless EKG/ECG
Halim Park
Juhyeon Lee
Ye Li
Pooja Bhagchandani final_paper1.pdf
other2.pdf
photo1.png
photo2.png
presentation1.pdf
proposal1.pdf
# Wireless EKG/ECG

# Team Members:
- Halim Park (halimp2)
- Juhyeon Lee (jlee803)
- Ye Lin (yel3)

# Problem

Conventional EKG/ECGs involve wires, which can be tedious to deal with, considering many cases of emergency situations where every second counts. 12 leads are usually needed for clinical diagnosis to know which part of the heart is behaving abnormally, and 10 electrodes are placed on the chest of a patient. Wires can tangle up and intrude the process of clinical diagnosis.

# Comparison with existing products
Apple Watch: can only monitor 1 lead (Lead I), hence not suitable for medical use.
Zio Patch and BardyDx CAM : also can monitor only 1 lead
Kardiomobile 6L: It can monitor 6 leads, but only the frontal plane leads (shown in blue below). It does not monitor the horizontal plane leads (V1~V6) which gives a horizontal view of the heart, and that is essential for accurate clinical diagnosis.


![EKG_leads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EKG_leads.png)


# Solution
Sponsored by medical student Kenny Leung, this project’s goal is to design a wireless device to measure EKG, eliminating issues associated with wires. This project aims to create the first device on the market that does not need the electrodes to be across the heart to obtain EKG data - using voltage difference between the electrodes. As Kenny describes: “ It uses a concept that is proven in research, called body surface potential mapping, which is at any point in time, every point in your chest has a different electric potential”.
Our goal is to design and theoretically build a 12-lead wireless EKG. In this project, we will be developing two devices among the twelve as a starting point, since two are sufficient to test all the major technical aspects of the project (e,g,, wireless transmission, amplifying voltages, etc.). The design of the device is subject to change during the process. However, it is essential that each device should be attachable to the skin, where the disposable EKG patches should be removed and installed easily.


# Solution Components

## Power Module
The power module supplies power to the microcontroller and the amplifier. It should provide sufficient power or bias for desired behavior.

## Skin Patch Module
The device is big enough to hold the necessary components, such as power supply and circuit board, and small enough to carry in an emergency situation. It also has some sort of mechanism to keep the patch on the body. This patch should be able to measure the voltage data that is to be processed by the rest of the subsystems

## Signal Amplification and Filtering
For a typical EKG, the voltage reading ranges from 0.1mV to 10mV. In order to have these readings digitally, an amplifier should be designed. Moreover, research shows that data within the frequency range of 0 to 30Hz is desired, so a passive second-order low pass filter will be designed to filter out noises of the signal as well as noises from the power supply, which is typically around 60Hz. An oscilloscope will be used to determine the desired cutoff frequency.

## Data Transmission Module
Reflecting on the previous semester’s analysis, we aim to use Bluetooth protocol to transmit data to the receiver. Each device should send the data measurements to the computer. It should keep the unit of transmission small enough for accurate and timely results (e.g, within 40 ms). One of the advantages of using Bluetooth is that the master receiving device can have multiple connections simultaneously.

## Data Visualization
We will visualize the transmitted data (ideally in a form of the traditional EKG signal graph) after noise reduction.


# Criterion For Success
Successfully implement two devices that will be attached to a body
Can transmit wirelessly at a small rate (ideally within 40 ms)
Show a visual representation of the transmitted data (e.g., graph) on a monitor


Automatic Piano Tuner

Joseph Babbo, Colin Wallace, Riley Woodson

Automatic Piano Tuner

Featured Project

# Automatic Piano Tuner

Team Members:

- Colin Wallace (colinpw2)

- Riley Woodson (rileycw2)

- Joseph Babbo (jbabbo2)

# Problem

Piano tuning is a time-consuming and expensive process. An average piano tuning will cost in the $100 - $200 range and a piano will have to be retuned multiple times to maintain the correct pitch. Due to the strength required to alter the piano pegs it is also something that is difficult for the less physically able to accomplish.

# Solution

We hope to bring piano tuning to the masses by creating an easy to use product which will be able to automatically tune a piano by giving the key as input alongside playing the key to get the pitch differential and automatically turning the piano pegs until they reach the correct note.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1 - Motor Assembly

A standard tuning pin requires 8-14 nm of torque to successfully tune. We will thus need to create a motor assembly that is able to produce enough torque to rotate standard tuning pins.

## Subsystem 2 - Frequency Detector/Tuner

The device will use a microphone to gather audio measurements. Then a microprocessor processes the audio data to detect the pitch and determine the difference from the desired frequency. This can then generate instructions for the motor; direction to turn pegs and amount to turn it by.

## Subsystem 3 - User Interface/Display Panel

A small but intuitive display and button configuration can be used for this device. It will be required for the user to set the key being played using buttons on the device and reading the output of the display. As the device will tune by itself after hearing the tone, all that is required to display is the current key and octave. A couple of buttons will suffice to be able to cycle up and down keys and octaves.

## Subsystem 4 - Replaceable Battery/Power Supply

Every commercial product should use standard replaceable batteries, or provide a way for easy charging. As we want to develop a handheld device, so that the device doesn’t have to drag power wires into the piano, we will need a rechargeable battery pack.

# Criterion For Success

The aim of the Automatic Piano Tuner is to allow the user to automatically tune piano strings based on a key input alongside playing a note. We have several goals to help us meet this aim:

- Measure pitch accurately, test against known good pitches

- Motor generates enough torque to turn the pegs on a piano

- Tuner turns correctly depending on pitch

- Easy tuning of a piano by a single untrained person

Project Videos