today cook-levin alternation cook levin Thm[Cook-Levin] NP\le CKT-SAT Prop: CKT-SAT\le 3-SAT Rmk: completes PSPACE\le TQBF alternation ex =k clique P=NP => find satisfying assignment circuit minimization Q. how to formalize def: alternating TM states acceptance criteria ATIME def: AP prop: SPACE(s(n))\subseteq ATIME(s^2)\subseteq SPACE(s^2) cor: AP=PSPACE P \le NP,coNP\le AP=PSPACE Q. alternation as a resource? def: \Sigma^k-TIME, \Pi^k-TIME \Sigma^kP, \Pi^kP PH prop: =k clique in \Sigma^2 P and \Pi^2P circuit minimization in \Pi^2 P